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<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>dump</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>检查<span
lang=EN-US>ext2/3/4</span>文件系统，确定哪些文件需要备份，这些需要备份的文件将会被复制到指定的磁盘或者其他存储介质。<span
lang=EN-US>dump</span>检查<span lang=EN-US>Ext 2/3/4</span>文件系统上的文件，并确定哪些文件需要备份。这些文件被复制到给定的磁盘、磁带或其他存储介质中以确保安全保存<span
lang=EN-US>(</span>请参阅下面的<span lang=EN-US>-f</span>选项以进行远程备份<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。大于输出介质的转储被分解为多个卷。在大多数媒体上，大小是通过写入来确定的，直到返回媒体结束指示为止。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>在无法可靠地返回媒体结束指示<span
lang=EN-US>(</span>例如一些盒式磁带驱动器<span lang=EN-US>)</span>的媒体上，每个卷都是固定大小的；实际大小是通过指定墨盒介质或通过下面的磁带大小、密度和<span
lang=EN-US>/</span>或块计数选项来确定的。默认情况下，在提示操作员更改媒体后，每个卷都使用相同的输出文件名。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>此命令的适用范围：<span
lang=EN-US>RedHat</span>、<span lang=EN-US>RHEL</span>、<span lang=EN-US>Ubuntu</span>、<span
lang=EN-US>CentOS</span>、<span lang=EN-US>SUSE</span>、<span lang=EN-US>openSUSE</span>、<span
lang=EN-US>Fedora</span>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、语法</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>dump  [</span></b><b><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>选项<span lang=EN-US>]  [-f </span>目标文件<span
lang=EN-US>]  </span>源文件</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>dump  [-level#]  [-ackMnqSuv]  [-A
file]  [-B records]  [-b blocksize]  [-d density]  [-D file]  [-e inode
numbers]  [-E file]  [-f file]  [-F script]  [-h level]  [-I nr  errors]  [-jcompression 
level]  [-L label]  [-Q file]  [-s feet]  [-T date]  [-y]  [-zcompression level]
 files-to-dump</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>dump  [-W | -w]</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>files-to-dump</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>要么是文件系统的挂载点，要么是要作为文件系统子集备份的文件和目录列表。在前一种情况下，可以使用安装文件系统的路径或卸载文件系统的设备。在后一种情况下，对备份设置了某些限制：<span
lang=EN-US>-u</span>是不允许的，唯一支持的转储级别是<span lang=EN-US>0</span>，所有文件和目录都必须驻留在同一个文件系统中。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>2</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、选项列表</span></b></p>

<table class=MsoTableGrid border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="95%"
 style='width:95.0%;margin-left:24.1pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>选项</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-left:none;background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>说明</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-level#</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>备份级别。如果是<span
  lang=EN-US>0</span>，那么就备份整个文件系统；如果大于<span lang=EN-US>0</span>，那么就会备份相对于上一个更低级别备份的新文件和修改过的文件。默认是<span
  lang=EN-US>0</span>。在子目录中，只允许使用<span lang=EN-US>0</span>级备份</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-a</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>“</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>自动尺寸<span
  lang=EN-US>”</span>。绕过所有的磁带长度计算，并写入，直到媒体结束指示返回。这是最适合大多数现代磁带驱动器，这是默认的。当附加到现有磁带或使用带有硬件压缩的磁带驱动器时，特别推荐使用此选项<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>在这种情况下，您永远无法确定压缩比<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-A archive_file</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>存档指定文件中的“内容转储表”，由<span
  lang=EN-US>RESTORE(8)</span>使用，以确定文件是否在正在恢复的转储文件中。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-b blocksize</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>每个转储记录的千字节数。默认的块大小为<span
  lang=EN-US>10</span>，除非<span lang=EN-US>-d</span>选项已用于指定<span lang=EN-US>6250
  BPI</span>或更高的磁带密度，在这种情况下，默认的块大小为<span lang=EN-US>32</span>。但是请注意，由于<span
  lang=EN-US>IO</span>系统将所有请求分割成块<span lang=EN-US>MAXBSIZE(</span>可低到<span
  lang=EN-US>64 KB)</span>，因此在使用更高的值时，可能会遇到转储<span lang=EN-US>(8)</span>和恢复<span
  lang=EN-US>(8)</span>的问题，这取决于内核和<span lang=EN-US>/</span>或<span lang=EN-US>libC</span>版本。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-B records</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>每卷<span
  lang=EN-US>1 kB</span>块的数目。通常不需要，因为转储可以检测到媒体的结束<span lang=EN-US>.</span>达到指定大小时，<span
  lang=EN-US>dump</span>将等待您更改卷。此选项将重写基于长度和密度的磁带大小计算。如果压缩限制了每个卷的压缩输出的大小。多个值可以作为一个由逗号分隔的参数给出。每个值将按所列顺序用于一个转储卷；如果转储创建的卷比给定的值数多，则其余卷将使用最后一个值。这对于填充已经部分填充的媒体<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>然后在空媒体上继续使用全尺寸卷<span lang=EN-US>)</span>或混合不同大小的媒体非常有用。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-c</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>更改默认使用的磁带驱动器，密度为<span
  lang=EN-US>8000 BPI</span>，长度为<span lang=EN-US>1700</span>英尺。指定墨盒驱动器将覆盖媒体端检测。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-d density</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>设置磁带密度。默认为<span
  lang=EN-US>1600 BPI</span>。指定磁带密度将覆盖媒体端检测。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-D file</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>设置文件的路径名，该文件存储有关前一个完整转储和增量转储的信息。默认位置是<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/dumpdate</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-e inodes</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>不包含指定的<span
  lang=EN-US>inodes</span>。<span lang=EN-US>inodes</span>参数是一个逗号分隔的<span
  lang=EN-US>inode</span>编号列表</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-E file</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>从文本文件中读取备份时要排除的<span
  lang=EN-US>inode</span>列表。该文件应该是一个普通文件，其中包含由换行符分隔的<span lang=EN-US>inode</span>编号。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-f filename</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>将备份写入文件；文件可能是一个特殊的设备文件，如<span
  lang=EN-US>/dev/st0(atAPE</span>驱动器<span lang=EN-US>)</span>、<span
  lang=EN-US>/dev/rsd1c(</span>软盘驱动器<span lang=EN-US>)</span>、普通文件或<span
  lang=EN-US>-(</span>标准输出<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。多个文件名可以作为一个由逗号分隔的参数。每个文件将按所列顺序用于一个转储卷；如果转储所需的卷数量超过给定的名称数，则在提示进行媒体更改后，最后一个文件名将用于所有剩余卷。如果文件的名称为“<span
  lang=EN-US>host</span>：<span lang=EN-US>file</span>”或“<span lang=EN-US>user@host</span>：<span
  lang=EN-US>file</span>”，<span lang=EN-US>dump</span>写入远程主机上的命名文件<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>应该已经存在，那么转储不会使用<span lang=EN-US>RMT(8)</span>创建新的远程文件<span
  lang=EN-US>)</span>。远程<span lang=EN-US>RMT(8)</span>程序的默认路径名是“<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/rmt</span>”；这可以被环境变量<span lang=EN-US>RMT</span>覆盖</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-F script</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>在每个磁带的末尾运行脚本<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>最后一个除外<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。设备名称和当前卷号将在命令行上传递。如果转储应该继续而不要求用户更改磁带，则脚本必须返回<span
  lang=EN-US>0</span>；如果转储应该继续，则返回<span lang=EN-US>0</span>。更改磁带。任何其他退出代码都会导致转储中止。出于安全考虑，转储在运行脚本之前返回到实际用户<span
  lang=EN-US>ID</span>和真实组<span lang=EN-US>ID</span>。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-h level</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>只对给定级别或以上的转储授予用户节点标志<span
  lang=EN-US>UF_NODUMP</span>。默认荣誉级别为<span lang=EN-US>1</span>，因此增量备份省略了这些文件，但完整备份保留了这些文件。当给定的备份级别大于这个<span
  lang=EN-US>-h</span>指定的级别时，那么就不备份标志为“<span lang=EN-US>UF_NODUMP</span>”的文件。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-I nr_errors</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>默认情况下，在请求操作符干预之前，转储将忽略文件系统上的前<span
  lang=EN-US>32</span>次读取错误。可以使用此标志将其更改为任意值。当在活动文件系统上运行转储时，这是非常有用的，因为读取错误只是表示映射和转储传递之间的不一致。<span
  lang=EN-US>0</span>，代表忽略所有的错误</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-jcompression_level</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>使用<span
  lang=EN-US>bzlib</span>库压缩要写入磁带上的每个块。只有在将文件或管道转储到文件或管道时，或者在将磁带驱动器转储到磁带驱动器时，如果磁带驱动器能够写入可变长度的块，此选项才能工作。您至少需要<span
  lang=EN-US>0.4b24</span>版本的还原才能提取压缩磁带。使用压缩编写的磁带将与<span lang=EN-US>BSD</span>磁带格式不兼容。<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>可选<span lang=EN-US>)</span>参数指定<span lang=EN-US>bzlib</span>将使用的压缩级别。默认压缩级别为<span
  lang=EN-US>2</span>。如果指定了可选参数，则选项字母和参数之间不应该有空白。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-k</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>使用<span
  lang=EN-US>Kerberos</span>身份验证与远程磁带服务器对话。<span lang=EN-US>(</span>只有在编译转储时启用此选项时才可用。<span
  lang=EN-US>)</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-L label</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>用户提供的文本字符串标签<span
  lang=EN-US>label</span>被放置到转储头中，在这里，像<span lang=EN-US>RESTORE(8)</span>和<span
  lang=EN-US>FILE(8)</span>这样的工具可以访问它。请注意，此标签最多限于<span lang=EN-US>LBLSIZE(</span>当前<span
  lang=EN-US>16)</span>个字符，其中必须包括终止<span lang=EN-US>\0</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-m</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>如果指定了此标志，<span
  lang=EN-US>dump</span>将优化自上次转储以来已更改但未修改的<span lang=EN-US>inode</span>的输出<span
  lang=EN-US>(“</span>已更改<span lang=EN-US>”</span>和<span lang=EN-US>“</span>修改<span
  lang=EN-US>”</span>的含义在<span lang=EN-US>stat(2)</span>中定义<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。对于这些<span
  lang=EN-US>inode</span>，<span lang=EN-US>dump</span>将只保存元数据，而不是保存整个<span
  lang=EN-US>inode</span>内容。此标志的使用必须是一致的，这意味着增量转储集中的每个转储都有该标志，或者没有人拥有该标志。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>如果使用此选项，请注意，许多从档案中解压缩文件的程序<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>例如<span lang=EN-US>tar</span>、<span lang=EN-US>rpm</span>、<span
  lang=EN-US>unzip</span>、<span lang=EN-US>dpkg)</span>可能会将文件的<span lang=EN-US>mtime</span>设置为过去的日期。如果修改后的<span
  lang=EN-US>mtime</span>早于以前的级别转储，以这种方式安装的文件可能无法使用<span lang=EN-US>“dump-m”</span>正确转储。使用这种<span
  lang=EN-US>“</span>元数据<span lang=EN-US>”inode</span>编写的磁带将与<span lang=EN-US>bsd</span>磁带格式或较早版本的还原不兼容。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-M</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>启用多卷功能<span
  lang=EN-US>.</span>使用“<span lang=EN-US>-f</span>”指定的名称被视为前缀，并按顺序写入<span
  lang=EN-US>&lt;prefix&gt;001</span>，<span lang=EN-US> &lt;prefix&gt;002</span>等等。这在将文件转储到<span
  lang=EN-US>Ext 2/3/4</span>分区上的文件时非常有用，以绕过<span lang=EN-US>2GB</span>文件大小限制</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-n</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>每当转储需要操作员注意时，以类似于<span
  lang=EN-US>wall(1)</span>的方式通知组操作符中的所有操作符。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-q</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>每当需要操作员注意时，立即使<span
  lang=EN-US>dump</span>中止，而无需提示写入错误、磁带更改等。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-Q file</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>启用快速文件访问支持。每个<span
  lang=EN-US>inode</span>的磁带位置存储在<span lang=EN-US>RESTORE</span>使用的文件中<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>如果用参数<span lang=EN-US>q</span>和文件名调用<span lang=EN-US>)</span>直接将磁带定位在当前正在进行的文件恢复中。这将节省从大型备份恢复单个文件的时间，保存磁带和驱动器的磁头。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>建议将<span
  lang=EN-US>st</span>驱动程序设置为在调用带参数的转储<span lang=EN-US>/</span>还原之前返回逻辑磁带位置而不是物理磁带位置。因为并非所有磁带设备都支持物理磁带位置，所以当<span
  lang=EN-US>st</span>驱动程序设置为默认物理设置时，这些磁带设备在转储<span lang=EN-US>/</span>还原期间返回一个错误。请参见<span
  lang=EN-US>st(4)</span>手册页，选项<span lang=EN-US>MTSETDRVBUFFER</span>。，或<span
  lang=EN-US>mt(1)</span>手册页，介绍如何设置驱动程序返回逻辑磁带位置。在使用参数<span lang=EN-US>“-Q”</span>调用<span
  lang=EN-US>RESTORE</span>之前，始终确保<span lang=EN-US>st</span>驱动程序设置为返回调用转储过程中使用的相同类型的磁带位置。否则，还原可能会被混淆。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>此选项可在转储到本地磁带<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>见上文<span lang=EN-US>)</span>或本地文件时使用。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-s feet</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>试图计算在特定密度下所需的磁带数量。如果超过此数量，则转储提示输入新磁带。建议在这个选项上有点保守。默认的磁带长度是<span
  lang=EN-US>2300</span>英尺。指定磁带大小将覆盖媒体端检测。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-S</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>大小估计。确定在没有实际执行转储的情况下执行转储所需的空间数量，并显示它将占用的估计字节数。这对于增量转储非常有用，可以确定需要多少卷媒体。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-T date</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>指定备份的日期。使用指定的日期作为转储的开始时间，而不是从查看<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/dumpdate</span>中确定的时间。日期的格式与<span lang=EN-US>ctime(3)</span>的格式相同，后面跟着<span
  lang=EN-US>rfc 822</span>时区规范：一个正负号，后面跟着两位数的小时数和两位数的分钟数。例如，格林威治以西<span
  lang=EN-US>8</span>小时为<span lang=EN-US>0800</span>小时，格林威治以东<span lang=EN-US>2</span>小时半为<span
  lang=EN-US>0230</span>小时。此时区设置考虑了夏时制时间<span lang=EN-US>(</span>如果适用于时区<span
  lang=EN-US>)</span>：当夏时制时间生效时，<span lang=EN-US>UTC</span>偏移量将与夏时制时间无效时的抵消值不同。为了向后兼容，如果没有指定时区，则假定为本地时间。此选项对于希望在特定时间内转储的自动转储脚本非常有用。<span
  lang=EN-US>-T</span>选项与<span lang=EN-US>-u</span>选项相互排斥。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-u</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>备份完成后，在<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/dumpdates</span>中记录备份的文件系统、日期。人们可以阅读<span lang=EN-US>/etc/dumpdate</span>的格式，包括每行一个空闲的格式记录：文件系统名称、增量级别和<span
  lang=EN-US>ctime(3)</span>格式转储日期，后面是<span lang=EN-US>rfc 822</span>时区规范<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>详见<span lang=EN-US>-u</span>选项<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。如果未指定时区偏移量，则将时间解释为本地时间。每当写入文件时，文件中的所有日期都转换为本地时区，而不更改<span
  lang=EN-US>UTC</span>时间。每个文件系统在每个级别上可能只有一个条目。如果需要，可以编辑<span lang=EN-US>/etc/dumpdate</span>文件以更改任何字段。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-v</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>显示详细的信息，帮助调试错误</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='height:29.55pt'>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:29.55pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-W</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:29.55pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>显示出最近的备份时间、层级，检测需要备份的文件。当<span
  lang=EN-US>W</span>选项出现时，其他的选项都被忽略。转储告诉操作符哪些文件系统需要转储。这个信息是从文件“<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/dumpdate</span>”和“<span lang=EN-US>/etc/fsman”</span>收集的。<span
  lang=EN-US>-W</span>选项会导致对<span lang=EN-US>”/etc/dumpdate”</span>中的所有文件系统和<span
  lang=EN-US>”/etc/mtab”</span>中的所有文件系统以及在<span lang=EN-US>”/etc/mtab”</span>和<span
  lang=EN-US>”/etc/fstat”</span>中识别的文件系统打印出来。最近的转储日期和级别将突出显示应该转储的文件系统。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='height:29.55pt'>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:29.55pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-w</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:29.55pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>类似于“<span
  lang=EN-US>-W</span>”，但只在“<span lang=EN-US>/etc/mtab</span>”和“<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/fstat</span>”中打印需要转储的可识别的文件系统。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='height:29.55pt'>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:29.55pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-y</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:29.55pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>使用<span
  lang=EN-US>lzo</span>库压缩要写入磁带的每个块。这不能像<span lang=EN-US>zlib</span>库那样压缩，但速度要快得多。只有在将文件或管道转储到磁带驱动器时，或者当磁带驱动器能够写入可变长度的块时，此选项才能工作。您至少需要<span
  lang=EN-US>0.4b34</span>版本的还原才能提取压缩磁带。使用压缩编写的磁带将与<span lang=EN-US>bsd</span>磁带格式不兼容。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='height:29.55pt'>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:29.55pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-zcompression level</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:29.55pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>使用<span
  lang=EN-US>zlib</span>库压缩要写入磁带上的每个块。此选项仅在将文件或管道转储到文件或管道时才能工作，或者在将磁带驱动器转储到磁带驱动器时，如果磁带驱动器能够写入可变长度的块，则此选项才能工作。您将需要至少<span
  lang=EN-US>0.4b22</span>版本的恢复，以提取压缩磁带。使用压缩编写的磁带将与<span lang=EN-US>BSD</span>磁带格式不兼容。<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>可选<span lang=EN-US>)</span>参数指定<span lang=EN-US>zlib</span>将使用的压缩级别。默认压缩级别为<span
  lang=EN-US>2</span>。如果指定了可选参数，则选项字母和参数之间不应该有空白。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>3</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、说明</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>dump</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>需要操作员对以下条件进行干预：磁带结束、转储结束、磁带写入错误、磁带打开错误或磁盘读取错误<span
lang=EN-US>(</span>如果存在<span lang=EN-US>nr</span>错误的阈值以上<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。除了通知<span
lang=EN-US>-n</span>键所暗示的所有操作符之外，在转储不能继续时，或者在发生严重错误时，转储与转储控制终端上的操作符进行交互。所有的问题转储构成必须通过键入<span
lang=EN-US>“</span>是<span lang=EN-US>”</span>或<span lang=EN-US>“</span>否<span
lang=EN-US>”</span>，适当地回答。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>因为做一个<span lang=EN-US>dump</span>需要花费大量的时间和精力，所以在每个磁带卷的开头都会转储检查点。如果由于某种原因写入该卷失败，则在重新装入和删除旧磁带并安装新磁带之后，在操作员许可下，转储将从检查点重新启动。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>dump</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>以周期性的间隔告诉操作符正在发生什么，包括通常对要写入的块数、所需磁带的数量、完成时间和磁带更改时间的低估计。输出是冗长的，因此其他人知道终端控制转储是繁忙的，而且会持续一段时间。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>在发生灾难性磁盘事件时，将所有必要的备份磁带或文件恢复到磁盘所需的时间可以通过错位增量转储来保持在最低限度。一种将磁带数量降到最小的增量式转储的有效方法如下：</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>1</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）总是从<span lang=EN-US>0</span>级备份开始，例如：“<span
lang=EN-US>/sbin/dump -0u -f /dev/st0 /usr/src</span>“。这应该每隔一段时间进行一次，比如每月一次或每两个月一次，并在一套永久保存下来的新磁带上进行。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>2</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）在级别<span lang=EN-US>0</span>之后，每天都会对活动文件系统进行转储，并使用此转储级别序列：<span
lang=EN-US>”</span></span><span lang=EN-US> </span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 9 9 ... “</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>经过几个月左右的时间，每天和每周的磁带都应该从转储周期中轮换出来，新的磁带应该被带进来。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>4</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、环境变量</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>1</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<span lang=EN-US>TAPE</span>。如果没有指定“<span
lang=EN-US>-f</span>“选项，<span lang=EN-US>dump</span>将使用通过<span lang=EN-US>TAPE</span>指定的设备作为转储设备。<span
lang=EN-US>TAPE</span>可以是磁带名字、<span lang=EN-US>host:tapename</span>、<span
lang=EN-US>user@host:tapename</span>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>2</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<span lang=EN-US>RMT</span>。环境变量<span
lang=EN-US>RMT</span>将用于确定远程<span lang=EN-US>rmt(8)</span>程序的路径名。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>3</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<span lang=EN-US>RSH</span>。<span
lang=EN-US>dump</span>使用此变量的内容来确定远程备份时要使用的远程<span lang=EN-US>shell</span>命令的名称<span
lang=EN-US>(rsh</span>、<span lang=EN-US>ssh</span>等<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。如果未设置此变量，则将使用<span
lang=EN-US>rcmd(3)</span>，但只有<span lang=EN-US>root</span>才能进行远程备份。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>5</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、文件</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>1</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<span lang=EN-US>/dev/st0</span>，要备份到的默认磁带单元。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>2</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<span lang=EN-US>/etc/dumpdates</span>，<span
lang=EN-US>dump</span>的日期记录。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>3</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<span lang=EN-US>/etc/fstab</span>，转储表：文件系统和频率</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>4</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<span lang=EN-US>/etc/mtab</span>，转储表：挂载的文件系统</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>5</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<span lang=EN-US>/etc/group</span>，查找组操作符</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>6</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、退出码</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>成功时<span lang=EN-US>dump</span>状态为零。启动错误用退出代码<span
lang=EN-US>1</span>表示；异常终止用退出代码<span lang=EN-US>3</span>表示。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>当发生读取错误时，转储输出相应的物理磁盘块和扇区号以及<span
lang=EN-US>Ext 2/3/4</span>逻辑块号。它不打印相应的文件名，甚至不打印<span lang=EN-US>inode</span>编号。用户必须使用调试器<span
lang=EN-US>(8)</span>，命令<span lang=EN-US>nCheck</span>和<span lang=EN-US>icheck</span>将由转储输出的<span
lang=EN-US>ext2blk</span>数字转换为<span lang=EN-US>inode</span>号，然后转换为文件名。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>每个卷轴都需要一个新的进程，所以卷轴的父进程已经写的只是挂在一起，直到写了整个磁带。如果压缩为<span
lang=EN-US>ON</span>，则估计的磁带数不正确。如果<span lang=EN-US>dump</span>知道<span
lang=EN-US>dump</span>序列，就会很好，保持跟踪的磁带，告诉操作员要安装什么磁带，并为运行恢复的操作员提供更多的帮助。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>由于转储的安全历史，它无法在不以<span lang=EN-US>root</span>用户身份运行的情况下进行远程备份。目前，如果设置<span
lang=EN-US>setuid(</span>与以前一样<span lang=EN-US>)</span>，它就能工作，但这可能会构成安全风险。请注意，可以将<span
lang=EN-US>rsh</span>设置为使用远程<span lang=EN-US>shell</span>程序。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>7</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、<span lang=EN-US>bug</span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>这个版本的<span lang=EN-US>dump</span>只能处理<span
lang=EN-US>Ext 2/3/4</span>文件系统，这可能被认为是一个错误。具体来说，它不适用于<span lang=EN-US>FAT</span>文件系统。忽略文件系统上少于<span
lang=EN-US>32</span>个读取错误<span lang=EN-US>(</span>用<span lang=EN-US>-i</span>更改此错误<span
lang=EN-US>)</span>。如果注意读取错误很重要，则可以解析转储的输出，以查找包含文本<span lang=EN-US>“</span>读取错误<span
lang=EN-US>”</span>的行。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>8</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、实例</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>备份目录<span lang=EN-US>/weijie</span></span></p>

<table class=a0 border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="95%"
 style='width:95.0%;margin-left:24.1pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
 <tr style='height:14.9pt'>
  <td width=836 valign=top style='width:836.15pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:14.9pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>[root@localhost
  /]# <b>dump -0f /bak/1.bak /weijie/      //</b></span></code><code><b><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>备份到</span></b></code><code><b><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>1.bak</span></b></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: Date of
  this level 0 dump: Fri Sep  7 09:26:15 2018</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: Dumping
  /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root (/ (dir weijie)) to /bak/1.bak</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: Label:
  none</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: Writing
  10 Kilobyte records</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: mapping
  (Pass I) [regular files]</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: mapping
  (Pass II) [directories]</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: estimated
  418 blocks.</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: Volume 1
  started with block 1 at: Fri Sep  7 09:26:15 2018</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: dumping
  (Pass III) [directories]</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: dumping
  (Pass IV) [regular files]</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: Closing
  /bak/1.bak</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: Volume 1
  completed at: Fri Sep  7 09:26:15 2018</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: Volume 1
  410 blocks (0.40MB)</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: 410
  blocks (0.40MB) on 1 volume(s)</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: finished
  in less than a second</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: Date of
  this level 0 dump: Fri Sep  7 09:26:15 2018</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: Date this
  dump completed:  Fri Sep  7 09:26:15 2018</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: Average
  transfer rate: 0 kB/s</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>  DUMP: DUMP IS
  DONE</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>You have new mail
  in /var/spool/mail/root</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>&nbsp;</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>[root@localhost
  weijie]# <b>file /bak/1.bak                //</b></span></code><code><b><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>查看备份文件</span></b></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>/bak/1.bak:
  new-fs dump file (little endian), This dump Fri Sep  7 09:26:15 2018,
  Previous dump Thu Jan  1 08:00:00 1970, Volume 1, Level zero, type: tape
  header, Label none, Filesystem / (dir weijie), Device
  /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root, Host localhost.localdomain, Flags 3</span></code></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>     </span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>Copyright@david 
zhytwj2018@163.com</span></p>

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